I can't speak about axes and shields, but what I will speak about are the castle and its walls, and I'll be agreeing with you a lot on this topic.
Machicolations the gap between the wall and the floor so archers and such can shoot down, giving them an advantage.
Hoards are the wooden version of this.
What really gets to me is that they already have the models in for machicolations, they actually already made them, the problem is that they don't actually work.
If the image is too large then see the full image here
Normally you build hoards if there aren't any machicolations, they serve the function of shooting straight down as most walls were just straight vertical with no extensions at the top. And I can only agree 100% on the size of the Crenels and Merlons they do seem too small, especially when I checked with the door, here's an image of how they look right now: If the picture is too big then click here and here is (if we're going with a medieval setting) how it would rather look For larger version Disclaimer, I did also make the "entrance" longer, you want it to be easily defensible with murderholes and preferably two or more gates + portcullises
I do hope the developers will "test" the "defenses" of a stronghold out, see if they can make the best possible stronghold, try to see what works and what doesn't, like "Do I need to jump up on the wall to hit enemies beneath, and can that be solved by extending the wall" etc.
One thing worth mentioning is that what works in reality might not work in games, though I do hope we'll see towers with doors (used to split walls into smaller sections, so if they're taken the attackers won't gain too much of an advantage) and the elevation of walls, and also just "tall gatehouses" etc. things that makes people want to build a wall, because if there's not enough positives to building a wall most will most likely just put down a wooden wall and not bother with a stone one if it doesn't matter in the end (You want to be able to defend a castle with as few men as possible)
For those saying this is more of a walled in city, there's no definitive definition of a castle as the lord chose what he wanted in it, so if a lord wanted a whole town in it, if he could effort it he would put it in, so this is definitely a castle.)
I like the Pine cone Towers, I think they look very iconic, people will remember things that stick out a bit easier ;P
Edit: Also on the term of gates, I do admit the gate does look a bit big, and there can definitely come more than 1 wagon/carriage/caravan through, but I don't know how big some of the animals will be, but it could easily shrink to half its size, you want to keep it as small as possible as it's the only "weak point" in your defenses. (Unless we see that making holes in walls will be much easier than we intended, which was really hard back in the middle ages, almost impossible even.)